Propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in stratified media (Riccat, Born, Rytov and WKB methods). One – dimensional (1D) inverse scattering problem, Marchenko integral equations. Inverse scattering in three dimensions : Bojarski methos, tomographic methods, backprojection and convolution methods. Fourier optics, scalar diffraction theory. Microwave holography, elementary hologram and Fresnel hologram. Remote Sensing and Radiometry : Rayleigh – Jeans law, spectral signature for scattering from solid surfaces, radiative transfer equation. Scattering of EM waves fro, rough surfaces, Helmholtz integral, Kirchhoff approximation, Rayleigh method.