Physical properties of semiconducting materials, electronic transport processes and potential barriers, the photovoltaic effect, generations of photovoltaic converters, solar energy harvesting materials and devices, solar cell design rules for maximum power generation. Solar geometry, solar radiation, the horizontal solar system, angles connecting sun position and inclined plane on earth, evaluation of direct solar beam position, solar shadowing aspects and photovoltaic panel installations. Photovoltaic fields, panel interconnects, (panels/strings/sub-arrays/arrays/fields), system sizing, safety devices, inverter types, network interconnected systems, stand alone systems and batteries for photovoltaic applications.