Principles of power system protection from phase faults (three-phase and two-phase to earth) and ground faults (single-phase and two-phase to earth). Operational principles and main types of relays. Overcurrent, differential, distance, and directionalrelays. Protection of transformers and electric machines (generators and motors). Protection of buses, reactors, and capacitors. Adaptive protection of distribution networks with distributed generation. Principles of digital protective relays. Power system protection analysisusing software tools. Laboratory applications of digital protective relays.