This course introduces students to computer-based mathematical modeling techniques to evaluate the structure and function of physiological systems through the analysis of their dynamic behavior. It includes the following topics: Applications of mathematical & computer physiological models; Fundamental principles, processes and tools in model development; Analysis and synthesis of dynamic models; Compartmental models of physiological systems; Neural Networks for physiological systems modeling and control; Identification of physiological systems; Cardiovascular system physiology, modeling and control; Modeling of glucose-insulin metabolic system; Introduction to bioinformatics and computational biology; Modeling of tumor growth and response to radiotherapy. The course includes laboratory exercises on bioinformatics and computational biology, modeling of tumor growth and response to radiotherapy, modeling of glucose-insulin metabolic system, computational neuroscience, emphasizing the exploitation of the corresponding tools towards improving both diagnosis and disease treatment.